These indices are based on the comparison of the water For example, US National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI), Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCMEWQI), British Columbia Water Quality Index (BCWQI), and Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI). Numerous water quality indices have been formulated all over the world which can easily judge out the overall water quality within a particular area promptly and efficiently. Water quality index can be evaluated on the basis of various physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters. So, water quality indices are such approaches which minimises the data volume to a great extent and simplifies the expression of water quality status. Traditional approaches to assessing water quality are based on the comparison of experimentally determined parameter values with the existing guidelines. To evaluate water quality from a large number of samples, each containing concentrations for many parameters is difficult. Regular water quality monitoring of the water resources are absolutely necessary to assess the quality of water for ecosystem health and hygiene, industrial use, agricultural use and domestic use.Assessment of water quality can be a complex process undertaking multiple parameters capable of causing various stresses on overall water quality. Innumerable large towns and many cities derive water supply from groundwater and surface water for different uses through municipality network and also from large number of private boreholes. Due to inadequate supply of surface waters, most of the people are depending mainly on groundwater resources for drinking and domestic, industrial, and irrigation uses. Acknowledging the vital importance of this scarce resource for human and animal life, as well as for maintaining ecological balance for economic and developmental activities of all kinds is a matter of utmost concern.In recent times, there has been a tremendous increase in demand for freshwater and water shortage in arid and semiarid regions due to population increase, urbanization, industrialization, and intense agricultural activities in many parts of world. INTRODUCTION Water is the prime natural resource. An attempt to cover different water quality indices developed worldwide, their background and application area has been discussed here. As different National and International Agencies involved in water quality assessment and pollution control defines water quality criteria for different uses of water considering different indicator parameters, so there are numerous WQI specific to any region or area. In this review, various water quality indices (WQI) used for assessing surface water quality are discussed. To represent water quality in a lucid way different water quality indices for water quality assessment are used which aim at giving a single value to the water quality of a source reducing great amount of parameters into a simpler expression and enabling easy interpretation of monitoring data. Securing adequate freshwater quality for both human and ecological needs is thus an important aspect of integrated environmental management and sustainable development. Water quality is a significant criterion in matching water demand and supply.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |